No.032 · Birds · Rare
Hobby
Falco subbuteo
A fast, swift-shaped falcon that catches dragonflies, swallows and martins on the wing, and eats them as it flies.
When to look
May to September, mostly at day and dusk.
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Time of day
- Dawn
- Day
- Dusk
- Night
- Best time
- Warm days, late April to September; best in July–August when dragonflies and young hirundines are abundant.
- Where in the game
- the New Forest (heath, mire and ancient woodland) and the Norfolk Broads (fen, reedbed and grazing marsh)
- Size
- Length 33–38 cm
- Wingspan
- About 87 cm
- Weight
- About 211 g (BTO average)
- Lifespan
- Oldest ringed bird 14 years 10 months (BTO)
- Population
- About 2,050 pairs in the UK (BTO, 2016)
- Status
- Green (Birds of Conservation Concern 5, 2021)
Diet
Dragonflies and large insects, swifts, swallows and martins, and small birds.
Habitat
Heathland edges with scattered pines, farmland with copses, wetlands and reedbeds with dragonflies.
Breeding
Takes over an old crow or pigeon nest in a tree; 2–3 eggs laid mid-June to July; chicks fledge in August.
Field signs
- Sickle-shaped wings and a swift-like dash in the air
- Dark moustache and rusty 'trousers' on adults
- Sharp 'kew-kew-kew' call near nest
- Wings and legs of dragonflies dropped beneath a feeding post
Did you know?
- It is a summer visitor, arriving from Africa in late April and leaving by October–November (BTO).
- Its breeding range covers about four times as many 10-km squares as in the 1968–72 Breeding Atlas (BTO).
- It eats dragonflies in flight, passing the prey from talons to bill mid-air.
Moments worth waiting for
- Dragonfly hunt
A hobby stoops on a hawker dragonfly, seizes it and feeds on the wing, dropping wings as it goes. - Chasing swifts
A pack of swallows scatters and mobs as a hobby scythes past.
Photo tip
Pick a warm afternoon at a heath edge or reedbed with dragonflies and settle where the sky is open. Shoot at 1/2000 s and use a 500 mm lens; predict its glide line. Watch swallows and martins: when they climb and call, a hobby is near.
Be a good naturalist
Schedule 1 species: never approach an active nest, or look for one, from June to August. Keep well away and do not photograph at a nest without a licence. Do not use decoys or playback.
The law
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Schedule 1: it is an offence to disturb it at or near a nest without a licence.