No.061 · Birds · Common
Stonechat
Saxicola rubicola
A perky, robin-sized chat that perches on the top of gorse and calls 'chak-chak' like two pebbles knocked together.
When to look
All year, mostly at dawn and day.
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Time of day
- Dawn
- Day
- Dusk
- Night
- Best time
- Bright days, all year: singing and feeding fledglings April–July; more visible in autumn and winter.
- Where in the game
- the Pembrokeshire coast (clifftop and island) and the New Forest (heath)
- Size
- 11.5–13 cm
- Weight
- About 16 g (14–18 g)
- Population
- 65,000 pairs in the UK (BTO, 2016) and up 281% between 1995 and 2024. Three pairs on Skomer in 2024
- Status
- Green list, UK Birds of Conservation Concern (BTO)
Diet
Small insects and spiders caught by dropping from a perch, plus seeds in winter
Habitat
Gorse, heather and coastal heath with bushes to perch on
Breeding
5–6 eggs, incubated for 14 days by the female; chicks fledge after 14–15 days; two or three broods a season. On Skomer in 2024 nesting material was first seen on 13 April and the first fledglings on 21 May
Field signs
- A small bird bobbing on the top of a gorse bush or fence post
- The male has a black head, white neck patch and orange-red breast
- A sharp 'chat, chat' alarm like two stones tapped together
- Flicking wings and tail as it perches
Did you know?
- Its name comes from its call, which sounds like two stones tapped together.
- Severe winters have knocked stonechat numbers back in the past, but the UK breeding population rose 281% between 1995 and 2024 (BTO).
- On Skomer in 2024 the autumn peak was 16 stonechats in September, as migrants mixed with the island's three breeding pairs.
Moments worth waiting for
- Fledglings and parents
A male stonechat clings to gorse with food in his bill while fluffy spotted fledglings call from the bush.
Photo tip
Stonechats are curious, so sit still near a gorse bush and let one land on a favourite perch, then pre-focus on it. Use 300–500 mm at 1/1000 s. Shoot from below the eye line against a soft, clean background.
Be a good naturalist
Keep well back from nesting gorse in spring, especially April–July. Do not use playback of calls to bring birds in.
The law
Protected as a wild bird under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981